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Centripetal force from a passive wrist joint, similar to a boat turning and pulling a skier and wiping them around. After the "flip", the arm and racquet will move forward 2 ways. First, they move in a linear path to the ball. Secondly, the racquet moves in a rotational manner due to the hand pulling in closer to the body (because it's attached to the shoulder), causing centripetal force so the racquet face will square up to the ball. The force starts at the butt end of the racquet and pulls the top end around.
Vertical racquet speed, caused by internal rotation of the shoulder (along with forward racquet speed) is what produces the true heavy ball (speed and spin). The snap or slap at the ball occurs when there's an absence of vertical racquet speed, the wrist can move from extension to flexion, causing the snap/slap. One of the main purposes of the "flip" is to use shoulder internal rotation to produce vertical racquet speed, not wrist extension and flexion.
Just quoting Brian Gordon
Vertical racquet speed, caused by internal rotation of the shoulder (along with forward racquet speed) is what produces the true heavy ball (speed and spin). The snap or slap at the ball occurs when there's an absence of vertical racquet speed, the wrist can move from extension to flexion, causing the snap/slap. One of the main purposes of the "flip" is to use shoulder internal rotation to produce vertical racquet speed, not wrist extension and flexion.
Just quoting Brian Gordon
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